This study examined the relationship between language development and learning outcomes among kindergarten pupils. Specifically, it determined the level of language development in terms of listening comprehension, speaking skills, vocabulary acquisition, and phonological awareness, as well as the level of learning outcomes in the areas of literacy, cognitive development, and socio-emotional skills. Understanding the connection between these variables is important in early childhood education, as language development serves as a foundation for effective learning and overall academic readiness. A descriptive-correlational research design was employed in the study. The respondents consisted of 57 kindergarten pupils from Villacin Elementary School. Data were gathered using the Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) Checklist and the pupils’ School Report Cards. Statistical tools used for data analysis included mean and standard deviation to determine the levels of language development and learning outcomes, Pearson product-moment correlation to examine the relationship between the variables, and multiple regression analysis to identify which components of language development significantly predict learning outcomes. The results revealed that the pupils demonstrated consistent to highly evident levels of language development across the identified components and similarly showed positive levels of learning outcomes. Furthermore, the analysis indicated a very strong and statistically significant relationship between language development and learning outcomes (r = 0.989, p < 0.001). Regression results showed that listening comprehension, speaking skills, and phonological awareness significantly predict learning outcomes, while vocabulary acquisition did not show a significant independent effect. The findings highlight the crucial role of language development in supporting early learning among kindergarten pupils. Strengthening key language components, particularly listening, speaking, and phonological awareness, is essential in enhancing pupils’ literacy, cognitive growth, and socio-emotional development.